While at the USA/Canada Mathcamp in 2015, I had the pleasure of working with Allan Adams of MIT to take these videos. While the videos aren't slow enough or of sufficiently high-resolution to capture the exact motion of the string, they provide an understanding into how exactly violins are able to produce sound. The top videos are of me plucking the string, and demonstrate the damping of the oscillations. The following videos show a basic bowed open string, the way the first harmonic decays to the fundamental and chopping respectively.
For an even slower video showing the violin string interacting with the bow, see this video.